Microstrip patch antenna calculator patch antenna formula. Patch and ground plane design of microstrip antennas by material. In electrical engineering, a ground plane is an electrically conductive surface, usually connected to electrical ground. The patch is generally made of conducting material such as copper or gold and can. The attractive forces are being setup between the planes i. You can find the microstrip antenna concepts in a survey paper design and. In my opinion, an optimiztion for the choice for the size of ground plane should be taken into consideration for any given antenna design. Modeling infinite ground plane in antennas and arrays.
Passive patch antenna application note ground plane effect on gain for apae series patch antenna is a passive component and therefore, its gain is defined as antenna directivity times the radiation efficiency. Jul 25, 2018 ground plane to model a patch antenna, you need to design two elements, the patch and the ground plane. As the name indicates the antenna ground plane acts as a. However, its highly unlikely youll be supplied a brief for a product that has limitless dimensions available for an antenna. An antenna ground plane is not to be confused with. Coaxialfed rectangular patch antenna lumerical support. Following equations or formula are used for this microstrip patch antenna calculator. For a simple patch antenna the size of gorund plane significantly affects the return loss at resonances.
The distance between the patch and the ground plane the. The patch is of length l, width w, and sitting on top of a substrate some dielectric circuit board of thickness h with permittivity. Most microstrip antennas consist of multiple patches in a twodimensional array. The antennas feed is a through hole and reaches the bottom of board, where it meets a 50 ohm transmission line. As we know the current distribution on the ground plane of the conventional patch antenna mainly concentrates. Mar 14, 2018 once such example is the patch antenna. In proposed antenna, the ground plane is considered to be the half of the substrate. The microstrip dipole antenna with rectangular hatched ground plane is shown in figure 1. This paper describes the design and analysis of a 2. Its also true that large ceramic patch antennas are relatively cheap. In this article, a linearly polarized meandered line planar antenna with dgs incorporated in the ground plane is presented. Basic patch antenna design although there are many variations on patch antenna design, the basic configuration is shown in figure 1, where l is then length relative to the feedpoint and w is the width. Design and implementation of patch antenna 7 mmic designs, and when the particular patch shape and mode are selected, they are very versatile in terms of resonant frequency, polarization, pattern, and impedance.
This antenna is often built of printed circuit board material and the substrate makes up the patch antennas dielectric. Design of microstrip dipole antenna at various ground plane. Ground mounted antennas are often very easy and convenient to use. These antennas are available with unity or 3 db and 6 db gain. Pdf in this paper the reconfigurable patch and ground plane used as.
Sec antenna manufactures ground plane and marine gp antenna. An individual microstrip antenna consists of a patch of metal foil of various shapes a patch antenna on the surface of a pcb printed circuit board, with a metal foil ground plane on the other side of the board. The fundamentals of patch antenna design and performance. The bottom of patch is filled with ground but the layer adjacent to the ground filled layer is a power plane. Microstrip patch antenna is used in mobile handset due to simple look, lower cost, small size and light in weight. Pdf reconfigurable patch and ground plane microstrip antenna to. However when it is not possible to ground mount an antenna because of ground conditions or it is necessary to elevate the antenna, another solution is to use a ground plane.
The ground plane needs to be a bit bigger than the patch. But for uwb it also improves s11 at lower frequency. Patch antenna mounted on a ground plane with a pigtail cable to a connector. I have looked online a bit and it seems to me that the general belief is that the larger the ground plane up to a certain extent, the better. Designed on a lowpermittivity substrate with an air gap. The proposed single layered antenna is advantageous over some recently reported designs, with comparable ibw, realized gain value, lowcost, and simple design technique. Design of a meandered line microstrip antenna with a slotted. In antenna theory, a ground plane is a conducting surface large in comparison to the wavelength, such as the earth, which is connected to the. Another 3 db can be added because there are 2 slots. Patch antennas come in various shapes and sizes and consist of a patch of metal directly above a ground plane. Bhatnagar1 1 microwave lab, department of physics, university of rajasthan, jaipur 302004, india. The patch antennas radiate in the first case due to the fringing fields between the underneath of the patch and the ground plane. The thickness of the ground plane or of the microstrip is not critically important. Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna part 1 matlab.
For flexibility and body worn purposes a 3 mm thicker wash cotton. An offdiagonal feed elliptical patch antenna with ring. The microstrip dipole antenna with rectangular ground plane of dimensions length l1. The distance between the two is extremely critical and it is important that you can easily vary the gap to find the sweet spot where you get the desired antenna pattern. While they have less reduction of rearward radiation than a larger design, they still have useful gain and directivity. One familiar application of this type of patch antenna is the rectangular. A simple microstrip patch antenna consists of a conducting patch and ground plane between them is a dielectric medium called the substrate having a particular value of dielectric constant. The rectangular patch antenna is a lowprofile antenna composed of a patch of metal mounted onto a substrate that is backed by a metallic ground plane. Effects of ground plane size on antenna gain electrical. It is usually constructed from a half wavelength microstrip mounted on a substrate above a ground plane. Pdf modified ground plane of patch antenna for broadband. Dimensions of a microstrip patch antenna depend on the resonant. Various models of gp antennas having wider bandwidths than specified can be designed and supplied.
Design of dualband microstrip patch antenna with defected. As the name indicates the antenna ground plane acts as a simulated ground. It is used in applications from mhz to thz frequencies when size, weight, cost, reliability, and aerodynamic performance are constraints. This would be an antenna with a perfect fronttoback ratio where all radiation occurs towards the front and no radiation towards the back. Ceramic patch antennas are very popular because of the low costs and the huge variation of. Pdf slots are incorporated in ground plane of a simple rectangular patch antenna designed in cband on fr4 substrate with dielectric. If the ground plane is adequately sized and conductive, the performance of the ground plane is equivalent to a vertically mounted.
The term has two different meanings in separate areas of electrical engineering. In its most basic form, a microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which h as a ground plane on the other side. Design of efficient and flexible patch antenna using an. I am designing a four layer board in which a patch antenna is used for a gps receiver. Quarterwave antenna antenna on a ground plane signal generator image conductor gnd plane return current length. An inset fed rectangular patch antenna is designed to operate at 2. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave. For other elements, the ground plane can be introduced by placing them in front of a reflector. It is found that for a monopole antenna like a quarter wavelength vertical, the ground acts as a plane to reflect the radio waves so that an image of the top half of the antenna is seen in the earth.
Groundplane antennas for 144, 222 and 440mhz for the fm operator living in the primary coverage area of a repeate r, the ease of construction and low cost of a 14. Patch antennas are typically characterised by low gain and a narrow bandwidth. Several antenna elements in antenna toolbox have a ground plane as part of the structure. The main disadvantage of these antennas is their relatively large size compared to other types of antennas. The design concept is to have two slots etched out from the ground plane of a microstrip patch antenna designed for 2. There are usually four radials, three being a minimum, but you could use up to six. Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna part 1. The placement of the antenna relative to the ground plane also has a major impact on performance and radiation pattern. The bandwidth of proposed microstrip dipole antenna is 484. The resultant value of bandwidth and return loss is 545mhz and 60. Design and improvement of microstrip patch antenna. Vhf and uhf antenna systems 1821 fig23these drawings illustrate the dimensions for the 144mhz groundplane antenna. To make a smaller product, many commercial antennas have ground planes that are only slightly larger than the patch.
The effects of ground plane size on the characteristics of a square microstrip patch antenna designed on a lowpermittivity substrate with an air gap were. Effects of ground plane size on a square microstrip patch antenna designed on. Patch antenna parameters variation with ground plane. An offdiagonal feed elliptical patch antenna with ring shaped slot in ground plane for microwave imaging of breast s. This calculator can be used to design a quarter wave ground plane antenna, with radials. The total length of hatched rectangular ground plane in addition with microstrip bend is 1. What is the optmized size for a ground plane for micro strip. What is the optmized size for a ground plane for micro. I am trying to design a patch antenna, so i ran several fullwave simulations and increased the ground plane size each iteration, extracting the gain. The size for the ground plane depends on many issues. The metal surface enables the signal generated when transmitting to reflect off the surface and travel into the atmosphere. In mobile applications, the vehicle body acts as the ground plane reflective unit.
The antenna s feed is a through hole and reaches the bottom of board, where it meets a 50 ohm transmission line. The dimensions of a patch are smaller as compared to the substrate and ground. In open space, with plenty of ground plane space, it is true that ceramic patch antenna can provide superior performance. What is the optmized size for a ground plane for micro strip antenna. Patch and ground plane design of microstrip antennas by. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using inset. Patch antennas can show a very high gain, especially if they are mounted on top of a large ground plane 70 x 70 mm. Whats the difference between a dipole and a ground plane.
Effects of ground plane size on a square microstrip patch antenna. So, in this video, im going to show you how to design rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Patch antennas are ideal for situations where the antenna is mounted on a flat surface, e. This fronttoback ratio is highly dependent on groundplane size and shape in real life. The primary advantage of the patch antenna is that it is very low profile and may be mounted on a ceiling or wall. In addition, by adding loads between the patch and the ground plane, such as pins and varactor diodes, adaptive elements with. In this paper, we design and analyze a dualband rectangular microstrip patch antenna with defected ground plane for 2. Patch antenna ground plane electrical engineering stack. In this paper simple rmpa is designed and its performance parameters are compared with rmpa having defected ground plane. The patch antenna, microstrip transmission line and ground plane are made of high conductivity metal typically copper. This is a true unbalanced antenna, with a feed impedance of around 50. Apr 07, 2019 a ground plane for a cb radio antenna is the metal surface needed below the antenna. Our antenna design reflects innovative ideas and modern antenna fabrication.